Complexity

Imagine for example, an organization that can efficiently build a world class car even while it discovers and branches out into other related market niches, improving its profitability in the vehicle market as it progresses. Now imagine it doing so without clear leadership or hierarchy, able to successfully adapt to apparently disastrous scenarios such as the loss of half its staff, or the invention of an alternate fuel. [...]

Complex Systems

The florist who opens her new shop in Ireland and then goes bankrupt because of a financial collapse in USA which causes a global recession is a good example of the unforseen effect of variable in an open system. Good business plans and models identify and quantify potentially devastating externalities. But no one is omniscient. [...]