Friedrich Hayek characterized complex systems with two main properties; the number of variables, and the connection between them. Hayek was describing the properties of scale free networks. Beginning in the 1990s, scientists revived the study of network research, at least partly after they noticed that scale free networks predominate in virtually every discipline or instance where nature constructs complex systems. [...]
Complexity
Imagine for example, an organization that can efficiently build a world class car even while it discovers and branches out into other related market niches, improving its profitability in the vehicle market as it progresses. Now imagine it doing so without clear leadership or hierarchy, able to successfully adapt to apparently disastrous scenarios such as the loss of half its staff, or the invention of an alternate fuel. [...]
The Story of Reason
We have the image of the left and right brains. We have the image of the logical hero. We have the separation of instinct and corpus callosum. How can any of that be true? Why then, do we insist on it? [...]
The Emergent Creativity of the Discovery of Penicillin
Emergent qualities of creativity can be seen everywhere. The discoveries of penicillin and LSD are examples. LSD aids in altering perspective, which may be why song writers are so often under the influence of hallucinogens when they write and perform. [...]
Creativity
Creativity must play a central role in organizations, especially in an age of globalization and technological advance. But creativity necessarily brings conflict to existent culture and annuity streams. [...]